What Gay Marriage Teaches About the History of Marriage

http://hnn.us/articles/4400.html

Hendrik Hartog is Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor in the History of American Law and Liberty at Princeton University and the author of MAN AND WIFE IN AMERICA: A HISTORY.

4-05-04
In the past few years, however, as issues relating to same-sex marriage have bubbled along — in Hawaii, Vermont, Canada, Massachusetts, San Francisco, and, of course, in the nation’s capital — I have come to realize how wrong I was to demarcate a sharp split between the compulsory heterosexual marital practices characteristic of the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries and the world of marital expectations and practices that define us in the early twenty-first century.

On Marriage in "Recorded History" An Open Letter to Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney

http://www.counterpunch.org/leupp12132003.html

if you want to talk about homosexual unions in recorded history you should do some study first. First I recommend you read John Boswell’s fine book Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality (University of Chicago Press, 1980), in which he documents legally recognized homosexual marriage in ancient Rome extending into the Christian period, and his Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe (Villard Books, 1994), in which he discusses Church-blessed same-sex unions and even an ancient Christian same-sex nuptial liturgy. Then check out my Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan (University of California Press, 1995) in which I describe the “brotherhood-bonds” between samurai males, involving written contracts and sometimes severe punishments for infidelity, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Check out the literature on the Azande of the southern Sudan, where for centuries warriors bonded, in all legitimacy, with “boy-wives.” Or read Marjorie Topley’s study of lesbian marriages in Guangdong, China into the early twentieth century. Check out Yale law professor William Eskridge’s The Case for Same-Sex Marriage (1996), and other of this scholar’s works, replete with many historical examples.

'Dude, You're a Fag' : Higher Ed

http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2007/06/28/pascoe

June 28, 2007
By C.J. Pascoe
Author of Dude, You’re a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School. University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, 2007. ISBN: 9780520252301

use the term fag and not gay, advisedly. Boys at River High repeatedly differentiated fags from gay men. For these boys gay men could still be masculine, whereas a fag could never be masculine. Thus the term “gay” functioned as a generic insult meaning “stupid” or “lame” whereas “fag” invoked a very specific gendered slur, directed at other boys. For these boys a fag was a failed, feminine man who, in all likelihood, was also gay.

Study: 'Cyberbullying' hits one third of teens

http://news.cnet.com/2100-1038_3-6193723.html?part=rss&tag=2547-1_3-0-5&a...

June 27, 2007 Pew report

Amanda Lenhart, senior research specialist at Pew and author of the report, wrote that she found through teen focus groups that online bullying has become prevalent for several reasons. One is that it’s easy for teens to forward messages, post embarrassing photos or spread rumors online. Kids also feel emboldened with the notion that they can bully without consequences, hiding behind their computer.

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Pew also found that girls are more likely to be bullied online than boys. Thirty-eight percent of girls reported that they had been harassed online vs. 26 percent of boys. The number of incidents rose, however, among older girls and teens who regularly use social networks like Facebook or MySpace.com. Nearly 40 percent of teens on social networks say that they’ve been bullied

The data comes from phone surveys with 935 teens ages 12 to 17 across the country. Pew reported a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percent. http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2007/Cyberbullying.aspx http://www.pewinternet.org/Presentations/2010/May/Cyberbullying-2010.aspx

Canting Dictionary [thieving slang], 1736

http://www.fromoldbooks.org/NathanBailey-CantingDictionary/transcription.html

Canting Dictionary [thieving slang], 1736

A Collection of the Canting Words and Terms, both ancient and modern, used by Beggars, Gypsies, Cheats, House-Breakers, Shop-Lifters, Foot-Pads, Highway-Men, &c;

Taken from The Universal Etymological English Dictionary, by N. Bailey, London, 1737, Vol. II, and transcrib’d into XML Most Diligently by Liam Quin.